2/9/2021 Criminal Justice Trends A Report to the City of Charlottesville from the Criminal Justice Planner 2010‐19 1 Introduction: • The Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board directed the Criminal Justice Planner in January 2020 to prepare a set of annual reports for each member jurisdiction, the two regional jails and a comprehensive report for the CCJB. • Member jurisdictions include the City of Charlottesville and Counties of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, Madison, Nelson and Orange. • As part of that effort, data has been gathered from a number of open‐data and proprietary sources, using the same methodology in constructing each annual report, so that metrics can be compared across the region, between the two jails and among jurisdictions, year to year from 2010‐11. • This annual report represents the first comprehensive, decade‐long jail study of its kind in Virginia. • In future years, this annual report will serve as a template for tracking key metrics over time. 2 1 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Population 2010‐19 60,000 Up 8.8% 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: U. S. Census Bureau 3 Charlottesville Reported Crimes Against Person (per 1000 Residents) 30 25 Down 39% 20 15 10 5 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: Virginia State Police Crime Online 4 2 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Reported Crimes Against Property (per 1000 Residents) 80 70 60 Down 41% 50 40 30 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: Virginia State Police Crime Online 5 Charlottesville Reported Crimes Against Society (per 1000 Residents) 14 12 Down 44% 10 8 6 4 2 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: Virginia State Police Crime Online 6 3 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Drug/Narcotics Offenses per 1000 Residents 12 10 Down 55% 8 6 4 2 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 7 Charlottesville Felony Drug Certificates of Analysis 2001‐19 (VA Dept. of Forensic Science) 350 Down 17%, compared to an increase in general population of 15% 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 8 4 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Felony Drug Certificates of Analysis by Drug Type 2001‐19 (VA DFS) 250 200 150 100 50 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 9 Charlottesville Booking Volume at ACRJ 2010‐19 4000 Down 5% 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 10 5 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Bookings per 1000 Residents 2010‐19 90 Down 14% 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 11 Percentage of ACRJ Bookings by Jurisdiction 60% 43% in 2010 50% 40% 30% 31.3% in 2019 20% 10% 0% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Albemarle Charlottesville Nelson Linear (Albemarle) Linear (Charlottesville) Linear (Nelson) 12 6 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Bookings by Charge Level 2500 Misdemeanors down 19% 2000 1500 1000 Felonies up 25% 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Felony Charlottesville Misdemeanor Linear (Charlottesville Felony) Linear (Charlottesville Misdemeanor) 13 Charlottesville Bookings by Race 2500 Black up 6% 2000 1500 1000 White down 19% 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Black Charlottesville White Linear (Charlottesville Black) Linear (Charlottesville White) 14 7 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Bookings by Gender 3500 Males down 2% 3000 2500 2000 1500 Females down 16% 1000 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Female Charlottesville Male Linear (Charlottesville Female) Linear (Charlottesville Male) 15 Charlottesville Felony Bookings by Age Group % Change 2010 to 2019 207% 48% 30% 31% 27% ‐1% ‐20% ‐21% Under 20 Felony 20‐24 Felony 25‐29 Felony 30‐34 Felony 35‐39 Felony 40‐44 Felony 45‐49 Felony 50+ Felony 16 8 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Misdemeanor Bookings by Age % Change 2010 to 2019 16% 8% ‐2% ‐6% ‐29% ‐31% ‐46% ‐48% Under 20 Misdemeanor 20‐24 Misdemeanor 25‐29 Misdemeanor 30‐34 Misdemeanor 35‐39 Misdemeanor 40‐44 Misdemeanor 45‐49 Misdemeanor 50+ Misdemeanor 17 Top 10 Charlottesville Bookings by VCC Prefix 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 ALC ASL DWI PRB NAR LAR CON FRD LIC WPN 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 18 9 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Bookings at ACRJ by Charge Type 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 19 20 10 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Intakes at ACRJ 2500 Down 12% 2000 1500 1000 500 0 21 Charlottesville Intakes Per 1000 Residents 50 Down 20% 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 22 11 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Intakes by Race 1200 Black Intakes down 10% 1000 800 600 White Intakes down 15% 400 200 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Black Charlottesville White Linear (Charlottesville Black) Linear (Charlottesville White) 23 Charlottesville Intakes by Gender 1800 Male Intakes down 11% 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Female Intakes down 15% 600 400 200 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Female Charlottesville Male Linear (Charlottesville Female) Linear (Charlottesville Male) 24 12 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Intakes at ACRJ by Age % Change 2010 to 2019 26% 15% 9% 5% ‐21% ‐41% ‐42% ‐47% % Change 2010‐19 Under 20 20‐24 25‐29 30‐34 35‐39 40‐44 45‐49 50+ 25 Charlottesville Intakes at ACRJ by Average Inmate Age 38 Up 6% 37.5 37 36.5 36 35.5 35 34.5 34 33.5 33 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 26 13 2/9/2021 Percentage of Charlottesville Inmates Bonded/Released Pretrial 70.00% Down 3% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 27 Individuals Incarcerated Year‐Over Year on Charlottesville Charges 1600 1400 Down 29% 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 28 14 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Average Length of Stay (in days) 60 Down 24% 50 40 30 20 10 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 29 Charlottesville Average Length of ACRJ Stay by Race 80 70 Black ALOS down 28% 60 50 40 White ALOS down 11% 30 20 10 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Black ALOS Charlottesville White ALOS Linear (Charlottesville Black ALOS) Linear (Charlottesville White ALOS) 30 15 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Average Length of Stay by Gender 70 60 Male ALOS down 27% 50 40 Female ALOS down 13% 30 20 10 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Female Charlottesville Male Linear (Charlottesville Female) Linear (Charlottesville Male) 31 32 16 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Length of Stay Associated with Charge Type 250 200 150 100 50 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 33 Charlottesville Average Daily Jail Population 300 250 ADP down 26% 200 150 100 50 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 34 17 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Bed Days Expended 100000 90000 BDE down 26% 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 35 Charlottesville Bed Days Expended per 1000 Residents 2500 BDE per 1000 down 34% 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 36 18 2/9/2021 Percentage of ACRJ Bed Day Expenditures by Jurisdiction 60.00% Charlottesville BDE % down 19% 50.00% 40.00% Albemarle BDE % up 23% 30.00% 20.00% Nelson BDE % up 67% 10.00% 0.00% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Albemarle Charlottesville Nelson Linear (Albemarle) Linear (Charlottesville) Linear (Nelson) 37 Charlottesville Bed Day Expenditures by Race 70000 Black BDE down 30% 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 White BDE down 15% 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Black BDE Charlottesville White BDE Linear (Charlottesville Black BDE) Linear (Charlottesville White BDE) 38 19 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Bed Day Expenditures by Gender 90000 Male BDE down 26% 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 Female BDE down 26% 20000 10000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Charlottesville Female Charlottesville Male Linear (Charlottesville Female) Linear (Charlottesville Male) 39 40 20 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Bed Days Associated with Charge Type 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 41 Charlottesville Cost for ACRJ Bed Day Expenditures $9,000,000 Cost up 4% $8,000,000 $7,000,000 $6,000,000 $5,000,000 $4,000,000 $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $1,000,000 $0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 42 21 2/9/2021 Charlottesville Cost for Bed Day Expenditures per 1000 Residents $180,000 Cost per 1000 down 5% $160,000 $140,000 $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 43 Conclusions: • Reported crime in all three major categories has fallen significantly in Charlottesville over the past decade. • Charlottesville’s share of bookings and bed days expended at ACRJ has also dropped significantly, compared to the other two member jurisdictions (Albemarle and Nelson). • Increases in felony bookings and bed days expended are associated almost exclusively with inmates age 50 or older. Incarceration rates among 18‐24 year olds have dropped sharply. • The average length of a Charlottesville inmate’s stay has dropped significantly, resulting in fewer bed days expended at ACRJ over the decade. • Felony probation violations remain the most expensive charge type, in terms of bed days expended. However, the number of bed day expenditures associated with a felony probation violation have fallen in recent years. • Charlottesville is the only CCJB member jurisdiction that had a per capita decrease in jail bed day costs from 2010 to 2019. 44 22 2/9/2021 Prepared by: Neal S. Goodloe, MPA Criminal Justice Planner Jefferson Area Community Criminal Justice Board 45 23