Resuming committee activities: Summary of HRC Activities As with most of Charlottesville’s boards and commissions, the COVID-19 pandemic has temporarily halted Historic Resources Committee (HRC) meetings, disrupting the committee’s activities. This document summarizes the projects and priorities of the HRC before the pandemic. I. Vinegar Hill Park commemoration: Signage and interpretive markers. HRC has discussed submitting to Council a recommendation to consider implementing and funding the proposed Phase 2 for Vinegar Hill Park, including improvements to make the park ADA-accessible. Review of approved plan: Vinegar Hill Park Signage Plan, July 20, 2016. • Review of budget for signage and markers: $15,000 promised by Council in 2016.* Review proposed Phase 2 (from 2016 presentation to Council*): • Upgrade the brick in this area, and upgrade the concrete bands to granite, similar to 2009 upgrades to the rest of the Mall. • Explore opportunities for a mural, possibly a view of the former commercial buildings that lined this part of West Main Street. • Have the entire park re-designed, including the plazas, walkways, stairs, planters and landscaping. Consider terraces, or a water feature. *http://weblink.charlottesville.org/public/0/edoc/797166/2016%20Vinegar%20Hill%20St aff%20Report.pdf Attached: Approved 2016 Plan (page 6 of PDF) Action: To be discussed. II. Court Square Markers Over the last decade, the HRC has been working on writing new historic markers for Charlottesville’s Court Square. These markers will replace existing hard-to-read, black granite markers around Court Square. What’s been done so far? In October 2019, the HRC voted to appoint a subcommittee to rewrite the draft marker text. Between October and January 2020, the subcommittee held intermittent public meetings, on average once a week. Summary of HRC Activities for Oct 9 (JW Draft Oct 2, 2020) 1 After a meeting of the full HRC in January, the subcommittee committed to completing the Court Square Markers project within a set schedule. This schedule encompassed a total of 13 weekly meetings, until June 2020. This schedule accounted for the drafting of a project mission statement and several rounds of revisions. The subcommittee met twice and drafted a mission statement. However, the schedule for completion was interrupted by the February 6 removal of the Slave Auction Block plaque, set in the sidewalk at Court Square. Replacing this Slave Auction Block plaque was not originally part of the subcommittee’s delegated scope-of-work. However, the subcommittee assumed the discussions and planning for the Slave Auction Block site, since they already had recurring meetings planned. The subcommittee did not discuss the Court Square Markers project again after the February 10th meeting. When most of Charlottesville’s public meetings terminated in March, the HRC had not resolved how to reconcile Slave Auction Block site discussions and the Court Square Markers schedule for completion. Action: No action needed. The committee should discuss how to aim for completion of markers while making progress on other projects. III. Slave Auction Block Site On February 6, 2020, a man removed the Slave Auction Block plaque embedded in a public sidewalk at Court Square. While City Council, the HRC, and staff had reached the general consensus that the plaque should be replaced by a more substantive memorial, this action compelled City Council to request that the HRC determine immediate steps for its replacement. What’s been done so far? The HRC tasked the Court Square Markers subcommittee, which already had recurring meetings planned, to draft text for a then-planned temporary installation at the Slave Auction Block site. The subcommittee met three times and held discussions with some members of the descendant community. The group decided a much more extensive community engagement process was necessary to determine what should be done at the site. The subcommittee proposed a series of seven public meetings, both large and small. Three members of the descendant community who participated in these subcommittee discussions agreed to moderate these meetings. The subcommittee recognized the significance of this proposed process as a model for future engagement between the City and the community. However, the subcommittee did not propose this schedule of seven meetings to the full HRC before City meetings were suspended. Summary of HRC Activities for Oct 9 (JW Draft Oct 2, 2020) 2 Action: No action needed. The committee should discuss how to balance the efforts of planning community engagement while making progress on other projects. IV. Walking Tour Map The Visitor’s Center and the Historical Society have run out of Historic Downtown Charlottesville Walking Tour Maps. The brochures are in great demand but need major revisions, to correct previous errors and to shed new perspectives on the City. What’s been done so far? The HRC originally intended to print a temporary revised version of the map, as a stopgap measure until the committee could conduct a major overhaul. However, in late 2019, the HRC decided to move forward with creating a new map and created a new subcommittee. The subcommittee met three times in early 2020. The group created a matrix of all sites listed on the previous walking tour as well as potential sites for the new brochure. The subcommittee intends to then evaluate all potential sites to create a definite itinerary for the new walking tour. However, the subcommittee did not create this list before public meetings were suspended. In addition to writing the walking tour text, the subcommittee and HRC will also ultimately need to find or hire a designer to create the graphic document for printing. Action: No action needed. The committee should discuss how to aim for completion of walking tour map while making progress on other projects. New V. Honorary street naming The City has program whereby streets are named to honor local individuals. This does not replace the existing name. The existing green signs remain; the brown, honorary signs are added. Council has received numerous applications this year and they have expressed interest in getting input from the committee regarding the current policy and any suggested changes. For example, establish a sunset provision for approved signs and a process to evaluate applications, including verification of supporting research. Attached: Honorary Street Name Process and Application (page 9 of PDF) Action: No action needed. Staff suggests only that the HRC anticipate a request from Council and consider what recommendations might be submitted to Council. VI. Pen Park Cemetery recommendations In December, Council approved the examination of possible unmarked graves at Pen Park. Council also agreed that if graves were identified the HRC would be consulted for recommendations on possible next steps. Summary of HRC Activities for Oct 9 (JW Draft Oct 2, 2020) 3 In July, the site was examined using Ground Penetrating Radar. The archaeologist, Ben Ford, is preparing the final report, which we expect soon. Initial results indicate the presence of multiple, unmarked graves outside the three family enclosures. Two of the families owned slaves, so the graves near these plots are most likely those of persons enslaved at Pen Park between the late-1700s and mid-1800s. (There are some unmarked graves near the third family plot. While this family acquired the property after Emancipation, it is likely the unmarked interments are people of color who lived and worked at Pen Park.) At the October 9 meeting, staff will provide a more comprehensive summary of the situation as well as suggested actions. Attached: Aerial image of Pen Park Cemetery (page 13 of PDF) Action: No action needed. Staff suggests only that the HRC anticipate a request from Council and consider what recommendations might be submitted to Council. NOTE to HRC members, other meeting attendees, and the media: Given the sensitive nature of these findings and out of respect for the descendants of those interred here, staff asks that this information remain confidential until it is presented to Council and thoroughly discussed. Public Commemoration: a. Daughters of Zion Cemetery Replacement Plaque Recent examination indicates there may be up to 641 graves at DoZ, over twice the original estimate, a number noted on the existing plaque. A new plaque will reflect this change. The HRC funded the original plaque. Attached: Images of existing plaque and proposed new (page 16 of PDF) Action: Motion to approve allocation of $2,106 for the new plaque. Other Business: a. Update on Burley High School VLR/NRHP nomination On September 17, the Va. Dept. of Historic Resources State Review Board approved listing the school on the Virginia Landmarks Register. The nomination now goes to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior for a decision on listing the school on the National Register of Historic Places. That decision is expected by early November. The Burley Alum have asked if the City will provide plaques to indicate these designations. Attached: Images of VLR and NRHP plaques. Costs TBD (page 19 of PDF) Summary of HRC Activities for Oct 9 (JW Draft Oct 2, 2020) 4 Action: No immediate action required; however, later the committee may decide on funding the requested plaques. b. Receipt of Court Square Enslavement Museum Proposal City Council and the HRC received a September 28, 2020 memo requesting action on a proposed Court Square Enslavement Museum at Number Nothing. The committee can acknowledge receipt of this memo and express an opinion on the proposal; however, unless directed by Council, the committee has no authority to take action. Furthermore, only Council may make decisions related to the acquisition of property and any necessary programming and/or capital funding. Attached: September 28, 2020 memo with attachments (page 21 of PDF). Please note, this memo contains graphic images of enslavement. Action: To be discussed. c. Piedmont Area Preservation Alliance event report The Piedmont Area Preservation Alliance is organizing a virtual annual event on November 11. The committee should plan a brief report on their activities from January to March. Summary of HRC Activities for Oct 9 (JW Draft Oct 2, 2020) 5 Attachment 1: Approved 2016 Vinegar Hill Park Signage Plan C X X C X B A A D B A (1 total) C Historic Resources Committee to develop text and graphics for marker. C B D A (on 2 lights) (at 1 location) (at 1 location) (on 2 lights) Attachment 2: Honorary Street Name Process and Application Honorary Street Name Policy 1. The following restrictions and process for honorary street name designations shall apply. a. Honorary street name designations should be limited to individuals, or events that have made an important and lasting contribution to the City of Charlottesville or represent a key part of its history. •The street to be designated should have a connection to the individual/event and his/its contribution. •This designation should not be used for an individual or event already recognized in some significant manner. b. The application form (see Attachment 1) should be submitted directly to the Clerk of City Council. c. The application can be completed and submitted by any individual or group in Charlottesville. d. The completed application will be circulated to Council before formal Council action is taken. e. A Council Resolution will be prepared, outlining the proposed designation and providing an estimate of cost impacts including sign manufacture and installation and any other costs that might be incurred. NDS will prepare the appropriate staff memo. f. Upon approval, the Public Works Department will implement the honorary street name designation. 2. Application Form. Attachment 1 is a proposed application form for requesting honorary street name designation. The forms will be made available at City Hall and can be downloaded from the City's website. The forms require submission directly to the Clerk of City Council. 3. Proposed Process. The proposed procedure includes the following steps. a. Individuals or groups wishing to propose honorary street name designation will complete application form and submit it to the Clerk of City Council. b. The Clerk will determine if there is sufficient support on Council for the request to be considered by Council. c. NDS will prepare a brief memo to Council that identifies any cost impacts associated with the request and background on the individual nominated for the honor. d. A Council Resolution will be prepared. e. Upon final approval by City Council, the Public Works Department will install the sign. f. Upon approval, NDS staff will send notice to all impacted properties and to public safety agencies. Approved by Council September I 9, 2011 ��- Clerk of Council City of Charlottesville Request for Honorary Street Name Designation Applicant Name: ______________________________________________ Applicant Address: _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Applicant Telephone: ___________________________________________ (Daytime) (Evening) 1. Honorary Street names are restricted to: Individuals Organizations Entities Events Of local and long lasting significance to Charlottesville A. For whom/what are you recommending this designation? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ B. What is the reason for this recommendation? (Applicants should complete a short essay of approximately 500 words that provides justification for the proposed honorary designation. The completed essay should be attached to this application form). _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2. Location of Proposed honorary street name designation: A. Street Name ____________________ (Example: Kirby Avenue) B. Between ________________ and _________________________ (example: between Neil and Wright) OR All of the street ________________________ C. What is the proposed name? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Please complete and mail the attached form to: Clerk of City Council City of Charlottesville P. O. Box 911 Charlottesville, VA 22902 Attachment 3: Aerial image of Pen Park Cemetery Gilmer/Craven/Hotopp Cemetery, Pen Park Sept. 2019: Approximate location of observed depressions— east of and outside walls of the Craven section. Gilmer Craven Hotopp Source: Bob Vernon, CVHR Gilmer Sept. 2019: Approx. location of observed depressions Craven Hotopp Attachment 4: Images of existing Daughters of Zion Cemetery plaque and proposed new Original Text Daughters of Zion Cemetery The Daughters of Zion Cemetery, also known as Society Cemetery and Old Oakwood Section, was established on two acres in 1873 by the Daughters of Zion, a charitable organization of African American women, in response to the segregated burial policies of the adjacent Oakwood Cemetery. The Daughters of Zion Cemetery offers a visible link to Virginia's post-bellum segregated society and evidence of the vital community role of Reconstruction-era African American mutual aid societies. This cemetery may contain as many as 641 graves, dating between 1873 and 1995, but only 150 are clearly marked with headstones. Burials declined after 1933, when the Daughters of Zion disbanded. Many of Charlottesville's prominent African American residents, including Benjamin E. Tonsler, principal of the Jefferson School for nearly thirty years, and his wife Fannie Gildersleeve Tonsler, are buried in Daughters of Zion Cemetery. Although the cemetery came under public ownership after 1971, the burials continued to be exclusively African American. The Daughters of Zion Cemetery was individually listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. � CHARLOTTESVILLE � c!}{iM£Aw �� c(?OlflJrliifR£ 2015 Changes Marked in Red Daughters of Zion Cemetery The Daughters of Zion Cemetery, also known as Society Cemetery and Church Hill Cemetery, was established in 1873 by the Daughters of Zion, a charitable organization of African American women, in response to the segregated burial policies of the City's adjacent Oakwood Cemetery. The Daughters of Zion Cemetery offers a visible link to the post-bellum segregated society of Virginia and evidence of the vital community role of Reconstruction-era African American mutual aid societies. This cemetery may contain as many as 641 graves, dating between 1873 and 1995, but only 150 are clearly marked with headstones. Burials declined after 1933 when the Daughters of Zion disbanded. Many of Charlottesville's prominent African American residents, including Benjamin E. Tonsler and his wife, Fannie Gildersleeve Tonsler, are *text after Benjamin Tonsler buried in Daughters of Zion Cemetery. Although the cemetery came under Missing (Jefferson School) public ownership after 1971, the burials continued to be exclusively *National Register line is African-American. missing � CHARLOTTESVILLE � c!J{i},wjffi �� c{lonuruftee 2020 29191 24x20 Single Line Bronze Roadside Background Color: Dark Oxide Mounting: Customer Pole 8/25/20 Attachment 5: Images of Virginia Landmark Register and National Register of Historic Places Plaques Burley High School plaques For Discussion Only Attachment 6: Court Square Enslavement Museum proposal, dated September 28, 2020 Please note, this memo contains graphic images of enslavement. RE: Court Square Enslavement Museum Proposal . DATE: September 28, 2020 TO: Charlottesville Mayor and City Council, Council Clerk Kyna Thomas and Historic Resources Committee Co-Chairs Alissa Diamond and Genevieve Keller An ad hoc group of Black and White citizens of Charlottesville, Virginia, aware of racial divides in our region as well as nationally, believes that early exposure to visual truths about slavery will expand local student awareness; that it will benefit, inform and uplift citizens and tourists; and that it will honor the tens of thousands of hidden founders and their descendants who built our community from rough frontier up through the present day. To this purpose we submit to City Counsel this Proposal for a Court Square Enslavement Museum. During the past three months we believe that peaceful rallies, community and church group meetings and statements and the process of removing emblems of civil war that are offensive to the Spirit of Charlottesville underscore the importance of such a unique educational facility. We have shared this idea with pastors of the Charlottesville Clergy Collective, Mt. Zion Baptist Church, Ebenezer Baptist Church, Trinity Episcopal Church, Sojourners United Church of Christ, and Charlottesville Friends Meeting, with former mayor Kay Slaughter and with leaders of local groups such as the Jefferson School African-American Heritage Center, the NAACP, the Charlottesville Area Community Foundation, three members of the Historic Resources Committee, the Mapping Cville project, Virginia Organizing and Piedmont Housing Alliance. The owner of the former Benson and Brothers Auction Rooms, site of the Slave Block, on the corner of Park and East Jefferson, has informed us through her lawyer that she is well aware of the historical significance of the O Park Street building and is working with the proper authorities to recognize that history in an appropriate way. To that end we ask Charlottesville City Counsel and its Historic Resources Committee to act on the attached Proposal and e-Petition without delay. Respectfully, Eugene and Lorraine Williams, Rev. Marvin Morgan, Rev. Uriah J. Fields, Rabbi Tom Gutherz, Rabbinic Pastor Heena Reiter, Richard Parks, Zyahna Bryant, Katrina Turner, Freeman Allan, Rosia Parker, Enid Krieger, Robert Gest Ill, Marie Baker and 86 undersigned petitioners Cc: Dally Progress; nbc29; cbs19news; C-vllle Weekly; Richmond Times-Dispatch; W�shlngton Post; NewYorkTlmes; Farmville News; Virginia Mercury; Danville Register; Radio IQ; Inside Climate News; WMRA; WVTF; WINA; WVEC; WFAS; Roanoke Times; Cavalier Dally; Seattle Times; The Guardian; BlackAmerlcaWeb; Minneapolis Star Tribune; NYOailyNews; PhlladelphlaTrlbune; TheWorld; HoustonChronlcle; TheNewVorker; MlamlTlmes; WashlngtonAfro; BlackStarNews; Tremblay & Smith PLLC COURT SQUARE ENSLAVEMENT MUSEUM [CSEMJ TO: Charlottesville City Council, A Proposal: Acquisition of Number O Park Street as a Memorial to our region's HiJJe,i Fou11Jer History Model: 30+ Years successful operation of Charleston SC Old Slave Mart Museum ) Possible Cmu-t Square Euslavellleut Muse11111 [CSEMJ front view Many things are in transition as Charlottesville revises its public symbols and acknowledgment of its racial history. One of these is an idea under discussion by an ad hoc group of citizens. We believe that a museum depicting in a more visual manner the injustices, horrors and truths about enslavement in Charlottesville and Albemarle County could be one of the most vivid educational experiences that tourists, resident citizens and particularly our youth may ever confront. Existing buildings where enslaved people were sold have all but vanished in America. We happen to have one in the center of town, at O Park Street. In light of recent events seeking truth and honesty in American culture, we believe now is a good time to make use of it. Outline: Led by a Citizen Board to-be-selected, and assisted by the Historic Preservation Committee, The Jefferson School and the UVA Department of History, Charlottesville is invited to engage in the purchase or lease at fair price of O Park Street. It was erected in 1820 on Court Square and operated for many decades as Benson and Brothers Auction Rooms and adjoining Slave Block. We are asking the City of Charlottesville, through its annual budget and the establishment of a private fund, to secure the remodeling and operation of the building, to be known as The Court Square Enslavement Museum. This will enable the building to serve as a public educational resource for citizens and school groups. It will be linked with other historic locales such as Monticello, Montpelier and the University of Virginia Grounds and Monument to Enslaved Workers. The Project is anticipated to draw significant added tourist-visit income to the city. Churches and businesses may be invited to make nominal annual donations to operations and to associate their names with museum themes of Standing Up for Racial Justice and Ending Public Silence about Racial Violence. Such an honest acknowledgment of history requires work not words and will reap major educational and civic rewards for our city. CIVIC SILENCE EQUALS CONSENT "I believe in a Virginia that studies its past in an honest way." Gov. Ralph Northam 6/4/20 "The lack of museums of enslavement is like a deafening silence across Virginia." Dr. Julian Hayter, NPR 6/12/20 Through early education course offerings like those employed in Charleston SC (below) coupled with later in-class discussion, lifelong attitudes and much deeper comprehension of racial injustice will be shaped in Charlottesville and surrounding counties. The George Floyd killing has been a wakeup call to the nation as well as Charlottesville. We stand at an important crossroads and will be held accountable, ifwe fail to move in the right 1irection. To transform and heal the toxin that is racism, systemic changes in education and an nonest embrace ofhistory are required. The establishment of this museum will be a helpful, honest and important first step. Attorney Timothy Jenkins, a former SNCC civil rights activist wrote: "It's critically important that our American history curriculum must be modified, starting with primary and secondary school students." Our youth must be exposed to the facts about America, instead of the myths and there are many. One such myth, that has risen to the forefront, in recent months, is that law enforcement, primarily used to protect privilege and property, is in place to guard individual rights. Such has not been the experience ofBlack and Brown people, since the founding ofthis country. A recent statement in the Washington Post is true: "You need to know what you're dealing with before you can change it." (WashPost 6/3/20 p. B3) When students from Albemarle and adjoining counties, tourists drawn by Monticello and Montpelier, and local citizens who take pride in our community - some descended from enslaved ancestors - when we ALL can embrace local historic truths, not myths, the facts will begin to facilitate change. Slave Museum memorials are powerful educational tools. Very few such 1uthentic sites remain in existence today. Below is a list of sites already in operation: New YO rk: https :// untappedc it ies. com/2 0 15/08/21 /lhe-top-ten-secrets-of-nyc-former-slave-m arket-wall-street/?d ispIayal I=true Philadelphia: http://lwfsm.com/ Detroit: https://www.thewright.org/ Cincinnati: https://www.freedomcenter.org/ Washington DC !)National Museum of African American Hist01y and Culture https://nmaahc.si.edu/slavery-and-freedom; 2) https://www.ushmm.org/; 3) https://wwn·.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/06/05/lafayette-squarc-slavc-market-dc-protcsts/ slave markets at the White House and near US Capitol Alexandria: https://www.nps.gov/places/franklin-and-armfield-office,htm Richmond: https://dsl,richmond,edu/civilwar/slavemarket essay.html & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpldn's Jail Fredericksburg: http://www.virginiaplaces.org/parktour/fredslavebl ock.html UVA: https://uvamagazine.org/articles/unearthing slavery at the university of virginia 67 graves Savannah: http://usslave.blogspot.com/20 I 2/06/savannah-and-slave-business.html Natchez: https ://misspres erva tion .c om/1 01-mississippi-places-to-see-before-you-die/forks-of-the-road-slave-market-sitc-na tc h c7J Mobile: https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m�86312 New Orleans: https://www.lmoc.org/virtual/purchased-lives/newworJeans-slave-market-south Edgard LA: https://www.wllitneyplantation.org/ Other: 40 markers https://www.providencejournal.com/article/20160129/NEWS/160129197 Charleston: https://www.charleston-sc.gov/160/0ld-Slave-Mart-Museum See description below and let us contact them for �uidance and input: 6 Chalmers Street Charleston, SC 29402 Phone:843-958-6467 Charleston Old Slave Mart Museum is a Model to be Emulated Charleston Old Slave Mart Museum IN SUCCESSFUL OPERATION FOR OVER 80 YEARS -TheOldSlaveMart Museum offers special staff-led programming for school field trips, professional organizations, family reunions, alumni associations, and other groups. Programs interpret the history of Ryan'sMart and teaches visitors about the history of the slave trade in the UnitedStates, especially Charleston and the antebellum South. If requested in advance, staff members can tailor your group's program to focus on additional aspects of the enslaved experience and African American history. Duration: Approx. 1 hour; Ages: 3"d grade to Senior Citizen; Cost: $4.00 per person Established in 1938, the Old Slave Mart Museum is Charleston's oldest museum of African American history and the first museum of slavery in the United States. Located in the heart of downtown Charleston, the museum is housed in a portion of the city's last major slave market. Today, the Old Slave Mart Museum is owned and operated by the City of Charleston and is dedicated to sharing the story of the domestic slave trade. Named after its original owner and operator, Thomas Ryan, Ryan's Mart opened on July 1, 1856 after a city ordinance banned slave auctions from round the Old Exchange Building, previously Charleston's busiest slave trading destination. Later sold to local slave trader Ziba Oakes, the Mart operated for seven years, closing in 1863 when Union bombardment forced its evacuation. Slave trading continued in other parts of Charleston until February 1865, when the city was reclaimed by the U. S. Army. The Old Slave Mart Museum is located at the site of Ryan's Mart, Charleston's most prominent location for public slave auctions on the eve of the American Civil War. It is housed in the Mart's last remaining structure, which served as a salesroom and showroom. During its years of operation, Ryan's Mart also included a kitchen, an infirmary, a four-story jail where enslaved people were confined prior to sale, and a large enclosed lot used as a slave pen. After the Civil War, the former Mart property was broken up and served a variety of roles, including as tenement housing for local African Americans, and after 1938 as a museum. Operation was acquired in 1988 by the City of Charleston. It was renovated and reopened ii in 2007. EDUCATION List of SC Social Studies Academic Standards that connect to the typical staff-led presentation: • Age Range - 9 to Senior • SC Social Studies Education Standards - ,r. 4th - 2.3, 2.4, 6.3. ,r. 8th -1.4, 1.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 . .Y. MWH- 2.6, 4.7. COURT SQUARE SLAVE MARKET A MEMORIAL MUSEUM The explicit purpose of this Memorial Museum is allowing DEEP REPARATIONS to begin. This starts with an inner process. The extreme cruelties of Enslavement and Jim Crow Second Slavery must be felt. We must internalize them lifelong. Individuals who endure this hard fire will emerge stronger and more compassionate as citizens. They will listen more and talk less. Their lives will not be for taking but for giving. Our hope is to assist our community in welcoming this change. [Notice: Pictures that follow will open eyes. They trigger deep and painful feelings.] Made captive, kidnapped from home in Africa www.shutterstock.com • 242815078 ... to the horrors of Middle Passage AS I A EUROPE NO RTII NORTHERN AMERICA .u.s, GULF STA)"ES i\TLANTIC 0 CE AN Gulf of .\!n:k,i AFRICA SIERRA WINDWARD IiW}f LEONE COAST BIGl:tT QF BENIN T ff SOUTH AMER! CA WEST CENTRAL AFRICA Slave Arrivals on the North American Mainland: North American Destinations & African Origins,AII Years ATLANTIC Number of Captives OCEAN 0 500 1000 kilometer� i¥iiiii .... 0 500 1000 mlle!> lil!ilillll!II!·----= www.alamy.com - D96ABR Shackled, Lashed and "Seasoned" on the Long Brutal Voyage by Prison Ship VALUABLE GANG OF YOUNG "<'•'•" NEGROES � lff l'l'JU,H' ,U'('1'1F �:��,:r-�s,. ,,... ou:. 440 NEGROES ! ... !l'lll•:'1'111\RQVOl,l�W¼Nfi'(".,,.r '. ''""""'"''• 4,r,., ,,·., •,,. :roa. .11.. B:11.4.11:D. ( 1VUI be 110111 nl j,u('UDu, A OIC!CJ: l!.\Mla u.,· ON WEDNESDAY, 25TH INST. 'rwo Jluodml�� Firtr !t ti e'dotll1 at Danb' Aitad'r,} l'r 1'ulunblc i'uuoi;- Negromri,. T\,,,• . ,,:i:,�.��.".�:���-.'�!�·.... Jl!,IE'@R©ES: AR,:,.�"''" RI.VIm··fo the Ship NECROES Men 1md 1Vomen, Field llnmla. \\!I.I rt!ill f'IIK!tl • .\T TIii .c��"' T""'"' p...,,, $old for 11111 fimll1 ,l'llb ihe b$if I.I-, �1-.,,�...,,,, £l "'",.,._ <...JE CJC>U:Fl.&.EJ. �9 gwuunt�11,. pm�.,u�r111�..-. �.-.. aa1e 1'oa1uve ,\HU:>. !Jd,, t'\'.\" Ht ;-Tl! •- Ori'"'... Mareh !141 1840, ll\\ IIF ..,\Lt-:. Humau Beings Advertised for Sale aud Sentenced to Hard Labor for Life Tobacco Pacldng Stoop Labor Cotton Harvest Indigo and Rice Fields Backbrealdng Heat of Cane Chopping A chattel slave is an enslaved person who is owned forever and whose children and children's children are automatically enslaved. Chattel slaves are individuals treated as complete property, to be bought and sold. Chattel slavery was supported and made legal by European and American governments. Families Broken Apart and Sold on Slave Blocks Like These SLAVE BLOCK, FREDERICKSBURG, VlRGlNIA Nearby: Fredericksburg Nearby: Warrenton ,ii ·tegend mid, narrative testimoni'es describe this stone as A SlaveAuction Block FmI11 the l';igc- Ne1111 & Courier Augw;tJI, 1961 "This nutive :mnd,�!onc block... which stood 11t U1c comer of Mailumd Co11rt Streets ul !Jie Chamber of C-01mnerce bulldin� ..wus used ns a pcn:h for slnves dboul to he soW at uuction ...'fllestmie- is snid to' be one of 1hc fow 1mw in existence," It is similar lo many which ex.isled in the Soulh prior to lhe Civil War. As u purt of everyday life, black men, women and children wo_uld be displnyed and examined ori slnve blocks and sold for the highest bid. Family groups were frequently sold up11r1; husbands !hull wives, mothers from cl1ildrcn, etc. This block is nn historic symbQI _or a 1.hirk past of n1an's inhumanity wwurd hi,s follow man. It is also u symbol of h ow bnve come in-lean1it1t( lo Vict,ims nud in, - r'c;,�olying into Jhe future , with ; ,nntu,I ,n,s,,;oct nud_- ul1de�tam.l�g, 'X'"'""Y,/,'}fi? Nearby: Luray Nearby: Hagerstown MD Slave Block, Court Square, Charlottesville 1760s to 1819 - 0 Park Street's Open Lot held a Corral - Slave Block Sold Animals and "Laboring Stock" 1820 - 1865 0 Park Street: Livestock Corral replaced by Court Square Slave Auction Market. Those to be sold were confined in cellar beneath, then brought upstairs or outside on Sale Days ) 1820 to 1865 - Upstairs this was the Scene inside Benson and Bros. Auction Rooms at Court Square 0 Park Street Activity on Slave Block Outside, Particularly Vigorous when Court Days in Session A Whipping Post like one on Court Square - Used to Punish Enslaved Persons Who Resisted Many Forms of Torture Were Employed Lynching without Trial Originated Nearby - Over 4000 Took Place in the United States of America Marker on Court Square - 1898 Lynching by Leading Citizens near Boars Head Inn Visual Museum reminders that much of the above occurred here and in the immediate localities of central Virginia for hundreds of years will allow for sobering reflection, implanting soul-wisdom renewal in visitors. ENSLAVEMENT Mostly Forgotten Today- In Places Like Lexington Kentucky, Markers Remain Statues, slave ledger books, artifacts, material culture, images like those above and tours led by skilled docents at Court Square Enslavement Museum, all this would enrich 1,ur community, foster new paths of understanding, encourage local pride and transform J oppression into Justice. CHARLOTTESVILLE - 1760S TO 1960S WHY WE REMEMBER